Literature

=Literature of the 1950s=


 * ====1959- The Last of the Just - André Schwarz-Bart; The Magic Christian - Terry Southern; In the Labyrinth - Alain Robbe-Grillet; The Tin Drum - Günter Grass; Billiards at Half-past Nine - Heinrich Böll; Naked Lunch - William S. Burroughs====
 * ====1958- Exodus - Leon Uris; Candy - Terry Southern; The Dharma Bums - Jack Kerouac; The Grass - Claude Simon; The Guide - R. K. Narayan====
 * ====1957- On the Road - Jack Kerouac; Atlas Shrugged - Ayn Rand; Pnin - Vladimi Nabokov; Voss - Patrick White====
 * ====1956- Peyton Place - Grace Metalious; The Visit - Friedrich Dürrenmatt====
 * ====1955- Tunnel in the Sky – Robert A. Heinlein; Lolita – Vladimir Nabokov; The Return of the King - J. R. R. Tolkien====
 * ====1954- Lord of the Flies - William Golding; The Fellowship of the Ring - J. R. Tolkien; The Two Towers - J. R. R. Tolkien; The Doors of Perception - Aldous Huxley; Diaries of a Dying Man William Soutar====
 * ====1953- Casino Royale - Ian Fleming - First James Bond novel; The Adventures of Augie March - Saul Bellow, Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451, Battle Cry - Leon Uris====
 * ====1952- Waiting for Godot - Samuel Beckett; Charlotte's Web - E. B. White; The Old Man and the Sea - Ernest Hemingway====
 * ====1951- The Catcher in the Rye - J.D. Salinger; Memoirs of Hadrian - Marguerite Yourcenar====
 * ====1950- The Martian Chronicles - Ray Bradbury; The Bald Soprano - Eugène Ionesco; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe - C. S. Lewis====

(wells) Throughout the nineteen fifties and sixties, literature was a method of communication for the writers. These authors (some of them from the Beat Generation of the fifties) had an outlet where they could share their experiences and observations. The world of music in this era was much the same way. During this time rock 'n' roll was born, and recording artists could express a sense of rebelliousness through a new sound that many older people in the show business didn't like. One such critic of rock was Frank Sinatra, who was quoted in 1957 as saying "Rock 'n' Roll smells phony and false...it is the most brutal, ugly, desperate, vicious form of expression it has been my misfortune to hear.". (added by **Courtright**) During the early fifties Ernest [|Hemingway] was given recognition he deserved. After such novels as For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) he published The Old Man and the Sea in 1952. The powerful novelette about an aged Cuban fisherman won him the 1953 [|Pulitzer] Prize in fiction. The following year [|Hemingway] was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. (added by **Courtright**)